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4 Women · AI in Life & Business

AIJummas

Where Korean & French perspectives meet artificial intelligence — real insights, honest learnings, and genuine discoveries from women in their 40s & 50s.

"We're not trying to become AI experts. We want to live better, work better, think deeper — with AI."

4 Ladies · 2 Nationalities · 4 Careers
AIJUMMAS
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4 Women · Korean & French
AI in Life & Business · 40s & 50s
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How Four Women Became AIJummas

It started with a simple question over coffee in Seoul: "Have you tried asking AI about this?" Julie, Selma, Su-Hyun, and JiHyun — two French, two Korean, all in their 40s and 50s, all navigating very different careers — realized they were each quietly experimenting with AI tools and learning very different lessons.

So they made it a regular thing. Café meetups became working sessions. Working sessions became a shared log of honest experiments — what worked, what didn't, what surprised them. AIJummas isn't about becoming AI experts. It's four friends, two cultures, and one ongoing conversation about living and working better with AI.

What We're Learning
All Insights & Discoveries
Quick Drops
Learning Log
Jun 13, 2026
Gemini Deep Research vs Claude — side-by-side on a real business question
JiHyun ran both. The winner surprised everyone.
AI Tool
Jun 11, 2026
Using AI to roleplay a difficult client conversation before it happens
Selma's technique — expose blind spots before the meeting.
Business
Jun 8, 2026
The 5-minute morning prompt that sets Su-Hyun's entire day
Shared the exact prompt — it's simpler than you'd expect.
Life
Jun 5, 2026
Notion AI vs Obsidian — 3-month verdict from Julie
Which is worth the switch for creative knowledge management.
Tool Review
Jun 1, 2026
AI cannot replace intuition — but it can challenge it. A reflection.
On the limits of AI in high-stakes personal and professional decisions.
Life
Tested & Reviewed
AI Tools We Use
Our Story
How Four Women Became AIJummas

It started with a simple question over coffee in Seoul: "Have you tried asking AI about this?" Julie, Selma, Su-Hyun, and JiHyun — two French, two Korean, all in their 40s and 50s, all navigating very different careers — realized they were each quietly experimenting with AI tools and learning very different lessons.

So they made it a regular thing. Café meetups became working sessions. Working sessions became a shared log of honest experiments — what worked, what didn't, what surprised them. AIJummas isn't about becoming AI experts. It's four friends, two cultures, and one ongoing conversation about living and working better with AI.

Education
ESSEC

Content coming soon.

Stanford Executive Education
Executive Program for Growing Companies_2025
WEEK 1 · D1
Strategic Leadership: Definition, Dynamics, and Culture2025.08.04
Robert Burgelman — 리더십은 사람들이 하기 싫은 일을 하게 하는 것.

Is Your Company in Control of Its Own Destiny? Robert Burgelman on Strategic Leadership in the AI Era

Many executives dismiss "strategy" as a grand plan or a slogan from a year-end workshop. Yet why do polished reports keep failing to translate into real execution, leaving the organization's direction adrift?

Stanford GSB's Robert A. Burgelman defines strategic leadership not as planning, but as "the organizational capability to control your own destiny." In an AI era of extreme complexity, he breaks down the essence of strategy and the practical frameworks every leader needs.

1. Built for Exit, or Built to Become?

The first fork in a company's lifespan is its founder's purpose. Burgelman splits companies into two fundamental types.

  • Built for Exit — focused on short-term financial results and an eventual sale. These organizations have low adaptive capability and risk becoming short-lived once the market shifts.
  • Built to Become — oriented toward long-term institutional value and sustainability, continuously redefining itself to meet the demands of the era.
"Strategic leadership isn't about resting on today's win — it's about building the foundation for the organization to keep evolving. As the story of 'Becoming Hewlett Packard' shows, a true strategic victory is only complete when a company is armed with a long-term institutional purpose and maximizes its adaptive capability."
2. Act to Think: Napoleon's Paradox and 'Strategic Recognition'

We tend to believe strategy means thorough analysis before action. But Burgelman argues that 'Strategic Recognition' must come before 'Strategic Planning.'

Napoleon's maxim, "On s'engage, et puis on voit" (engage, then see), isn't recklessness — it reflects the insight that some information can only be gained through action. Strategic recognition is a leader's ability to sense signals of change on the front line before any formal plan exists.

Leaders must balance two modes of thinking:

  • Think Fast (intuition) — decide quickly, but stay wary of cognitive biases.
  • Think Slow (analysis) — analyze thoroughly, but avoid falling into analysis paralysis.

True strategic action is a choice that's hard to reverse and decisive for the organization's future.

3. Strategic Dissonance: Auditing the Execution Gap with the 'Strategy Diamond'

The first sign of a company in crisis shows up in 'Strategic Dissonance' — before it ever appears on a balance sheet. Burgelman's Strategy Diamond model says strategic success requires alignment across four elements:

  1. Official Corporate Strategy — What We Say
  2. Strategic Action — What We Do
  3. Distinctive Competence — What We've Got
  4. Industry basis for competitive advantage — What it Takes to Win

To check for gaps between them, leaders should ask themselves:

  • Does our resource allocation reflect today's competitive reality, or is it stuck in old habits?
  • Do we claim to deliver customer solutions while actually just pushing our own technology?
  • Do we still clearly know who our most dangerous competitor is right now?

To control its own destiny, an organization must lower its Dependence on outside forces and raise its Influence — moving from 'Strategic Subordination' toward 'Strategic Dominance' or 'Interdependence.'

4. In the AI Era, Wisdom Matters More Than Data

As big data and generative AI drive business today, Henry Kissinger and T.S. Eliot both warn of the gap between the 'facts' technology provides and the 'concepts' humans must still reach.

[Data < Information < Knowledge < Wisdom]

AI algorithms can offer probabilistic recommendations based on past patterns, but they can never be perfect. As Daniel Kahneman noted, 'Objective Ignorance' exists in many domains, so algorithmic judgment inevitably hits a wall.

"Where is the wisdom that we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge that we have lost in information?" — T.S. Eliot

Knowledge — data plus computing power — becomes powerful. But it's the leader's Wisdom that decides how that power is used. A leader's duty isn't to rubber-stamp AI's decisions, but to use AI as a tool that sharpens human judgment.

5. The Golden Rule of Strategic Leadership: Human Common Sense Must Outrank Business Common Sense

Strategic success doesn't guarantee happiness. In the age of AGI-driven technological upheaval, Burgelman lays out a golden rule for what he calls the 'Strategic Leadership Ethic.'

"Human common sense, grounded in reciprocity, must always inform and check business common sense."

Leaders of the Fourth Industrial Revolution must feel responsible for the social costs their technological changes create. Business sense obsessed only with short-term wins or efficiency can put the whole organization at risk. Only when strategy is built on a foundation of human reciprocity can a company become a long-lived enterprise that society truly trusts.

Conclusion: Every Leader Must Become a Teacher of Strategic Thinking

Strategy isn't a fixed document — it's a living mentality. A true leader isn't someone who just gives orders, but a 'teacher' who spreads strategic thinking throughout the organization. Every action a leader takes is the most powerful lesson in why strategy matters.

In the end, strategy is the struggle to control our own destiny — whether we're leading change or responding to change made by others, a leader's insight and courage must be at the center of it.

Look back at today's decisions. "Which of today's decisions was an irreversible choice that could change your organization's destiny?" That single step is where an organization's fate begins to take shape.

WEEK 1 · D2-1
Tight & Loose: Mastering a Key Cultural Code2025.08.05
Michele J. Gelfand — 사회 규범의 엄격함과 유연함이 어떤 결과를 낳는지, 균형 잡힌 문화를 유지·변화 관리 위한 전략.

Why Is Singapore So Tight and New York So Loose? The Culture Code That Shapes an Organization's Fate

"Does a fish know it's in water?" That question cuts to the heart of the environment we live in. For humans, that 'water' is social norms. Countless rules govern how we interact and what behavior is appropriate.

Tight vs. Loose

Tokyo's orderly, quiet subway is the archetype of a 'tight' culture; New York's busy, tolerant subway symbolizes a 'loose' one. This difference repeats as a fractal pattern across nations, states, organizations, and individuals. Gelfand's team proved this culture code across 33 countries and 6,823 participants (Gelfand et al., 2011, Science).

  • Tight — strong social norms with strict punishment for deviation. Values order, efficiency, and self-restraint.
  • Loose — weak norms, tolerant of a wide range of behavior. Values openness, autonomy, and diversity.
Why Do Some Cultures Get Tighter? (A Question of Survival)

This isn't random — it's the result of survival strategies against threat. The greater the threat a group faces — whether man-made (population density, territorial disputes) or natural (pathogens, disasters, resource scarcity) — the higher its 'tightness' index tends to be.

"We faced tremendous odds with slim chances of survival. Singapore is not a natural nation but an artificial one... our one simple guiding principle for survival was that Singapore had to be tougher, better organized, and more efficient than the rest of the region." — Lee Kuan Yew, 2000
The Order-vs-Openness Trade-off

Tight cultures offer low crime, high efficiency, and strong self-control; loose cultures offer creativity, openness to change, and tolerance. A 200-year study of the U.S. (Harrington & Gelfand, 2015, PNAS) found that as culture loosened, creativity indicators like patents and film production rose — but so did household debt, truancy, and teen pregnancy. Gaining one side means giving up some of the other.

The $245 Million Culture Clash: Daimler-Chrysler

The rigid, hierarchical Daimler (Tight) and the freewheeling Chrysler (Loose) clashed constantly after their 1998 merger. Research (Gelfand et al., 2018, HBR) found that for every 1 standard-deviation gap in national tight-loose culture, post-merger ROA decline was equivalent to an average net-profit loss of $245 million.

Striking a Balance: A Strategic Prescription

Flexible Tightness (EASE) — for inherently tight organizations like airlines or hospitals to embrace innovation: Examine unnecessary rules, Allow unstructured exploration, Shift decision-making authority downward, Encourage constructive dissent.

Structured Looseness (SECURE) — for loose organizations like startups to build order: Set clear benchmarks, Establish operating structure, Centralize key decisions, Uphold ongoing monitoring, Reinforce accountability, Enforce core rules strictly.

Cultural ambidexterity can be structural (different units run differently), procedural (tight on outcomes, loose on methods), or temporal (loose in peacetime, tight during crisis or launch).

Conclusion

Culture isn't a fixed destiny — it's a dial we can tighten or loosen depending on the situation. "Where does your organization stand right now? Is it time to tighten the norms for performance, or loosen them?"

WEEK 1 · D2-2
Mastering Managerial Communication and Influence2025.08.05
Francis Flynn — 실제 실행을 불러 일으키는 메시지 전달의 핵심 원칙. 포스트잇으로 부탁 요청.

5 Counterintuitive Communication Skills from Stanford GSB That Change a Leader's Performance

The single most common criticism in 360-degree feedback on managers is "poor listener." Frank Flynn argues a leader's communication must go beyond delivering messages — it must be the design of strategic action.

1. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: The Power of Modeling

Fastenal's executives drove five and a half hours by van instead of flying to a Chicago conference, ate $5 burgers, and shared budget motel rooms to cut costs.

"When top management pays attention to every expense and leads by example, it sends a powerful message that cost discipline matters to everyone in the organization." — Robert Kierlin

For modeling to work, it needs three conditions: observable (people can see it), routine (repeated, not a one-off), and not contrived (genuine). (Example: DaVita CEO Kent Thiry's "We Said, We Did" framework, which reports on past commitments at every meeting.)

2. You're Communicating Far Less Than You Think

Leaders are 10 times more likely to be criticized for under-communicating than over-communicating. People remember the first and last items on a list but forget the middle — so messages only stick through simplicity and repetition.

3. Why "Everyone's Doing It" Blocks Change

People are governed by normative influence. The authors of The Discipline of Market Leaders spent $250,000 buying 10,000 copies of their own book to create a "fake majority" — and it actually became a real bestseller. Conversely, announcing "too many employees have been late lately" signals that lateness is normal, reinforcing the bad behavior.

4. Point a Finger to Boost Accountability

The bigger the group, the more responsibility diffuses — the likelihood someone helps drops from 85% alone to 31% with four bystanders present. The fix is individuation: instead of asking "can someone take this on?", name a specific person.

5. The Value of Weak Ties That Remote Work Severed

Microsoft research found remote work weakened organizational bridging roles and weak ties. At Zapier, randomly assigning shared airport rides after a workshop sparked conversations across groups that normally never interacted — even crossing demographic lines.

Conclusion

A leader's communication isn't a feast of words — it's the art of design. Is your behavior actually modeling your organization's values, or are you just talking?

WEEK 1 · D3
Rachio: Marketing Smart Sprinkler Tech2025.08.06
Wesley Hartmann — 새로운 기술 도입, 기존 시장 경쟁.

Where Design Meets Technology: 4 Insights That Are Reshaping the Future of Business

Rachio CEO Chris Klein called sprinklers running in the rain a "monument to inefficiency" that modern business must solve. On the flip side, the 2001 Pontiac Aztek shows how a design failure alone can sink a product in the market.

Insight 1: Design Is a Strategic Shield That Protects Revenue

In the auto industry, design explains up to 60% of the uncertainty in purchase decisions, and design-focused companies earned 32% higher margins than the industry average (Burnap et al.). Dyson's "transparent design," which visually reveals its internal technology, helped it become the UK's top seller.

Insight 2: AI as a Cognitive Exoskeleton for Human Creativity

AI (VAE, GAN) compresses roughly 196,608-dimensional image data into a manageable 512-dimensional "embedding," letting designers screen thousands of concepts. Consumer-preference prediction accuracy improved 38% when AI models were used.

Insight 3: The Shift in Control — From Neglect to Empowerment

The old sprinkler market was a "set and forget" model installed by professionals — only 30% of buyers went DIY. But over 80% of Rachio customers chose to install it themselves, checking and controlling their irrigation in real time through an app.

Insight 4: The Value Shift from Hardware to Data-Driven Services

The real value isn't the valve (hardware) — it's the algorithm that analyzes weather data. Weather-linked automation enables up to 50% water savings, and companies like Rachio and Nest are building recurring service models around it.

"Using technology allows us to automate and make this really complex problem simple for people." — Chris Klein, Rachio CEO
Conclusion

Design has become a shield that protects revenue and a window that reveals technical strength; AI has become an engine that amplifies human creativity. In your business, are data and design just tools — or the engine that creates a new experience?

WEEK 1 · D4-1
The Challenge of Change: Strategy, Culture, Leadership2025.08.07
Charles O'Reilly — 다비타 사례 — 기업 문화가 비즈니스 성과에 미치는 영향, 조직 문화를 효과적으로 관리·변화시키는 방법.

Why Successful Companies Vanish Within a Decade: The Secret of Ambidextrous Leadership

McKinsey projects the average S&P 500 company lifespan will shrink from 90 years in 1935 to just 12 by 2035, with 75% of today's S&P 500 gone by 2027. Charles O'Reilly argues a leader's real job is "building systems that discover the future," not predicting it.

The Paradox: Success Syndrome

When strategy, culture, people, and formal structure achieve perfect congruence, it's powerful in a stable market — but becomes strong organizational inertia once disruption hits.

"If you don't like change, you're going to like irrelevance a lot less." — Alan Mulally, former Ford Chairman
Discover the Future, Don't Predict It

Netflix's Reed Hastings said he "obsessed over not falling into the DVD trap like AOL, Kodak, or Blockbuster." Blockbuster, with $5 billion in revenue in 2002, took 58 months to respond to Netflix's rise and went bankrupt. A 1998 Barnes & Noble executive underestimated Amazon, saying "we didn't want to lose money in a relatively small business or siphon sales away from our productive stores."

Culture Is Behavior

"Culture eats strategy for breakfast" — culture isn't a value on the wall, it's "how people actually behave to get promoted and recognized." Behind Kodak's collapse was a "polite culture" that discouraged mutual criticism. GM's Mary Barra rebuilt the company by defining culture as behavior itself.

The Survival Formula: Ambidexterity

Exploit — maximize efficiency in the existing business (variance reduction). Explore — seek new opportunities (variance enhancement). 145-year-old Ball Corp pulled off four transformations: wooden buckets (1880) → glass (1886) → aerospace (1957) → metal (1969). Watch for the "silent killers": short-term metrics, no independent unit for innovation, imposing big-company policies, zero tolerance for failure.

The LEASH Model for Real Change

Satya Nadella's transformation of Microsoft: Leader Actions (nine months of listening), Employee Involvement (17 culture teams), Aligned Rewards (crediting contribution to others), Stories and Symbols ("mobile first, cloud first"), HR Alignment (hiring and training centered on growth mindset).

Conclusion

"If a friend joined your company, what would you tell them to do to succeed?" — that advice is your organization's real culture. A "perfect fit" that rests on today's success can become tomorrow's bankruptcy notice.

WEEK 1 · D4-2
Leadership Challenges2025.08.07
Jesper Sorensen — 올바른 판단을 내리기 위한 시스템1(직감)과 시스템2(논리)의 균형.

Why a Leader's Brain Acts More Like a Lawyer Than a Scientist: Jesper Sorensen's Leadership Insight

We like to believe we're rational and objective, but through a psychological lens, a leader's decisions often turn out to be elaborate self-deceptions.

Your Brain Is a Lawyer, Not a Scientist

The brain has System 1 (intuitive, fast) and System 2 (rational, slow). But in practice, intuition delivers the verdict first, and reason acts as the "hired lawyer" building the case to support it.

"Your brain behaves more like a lawyer than a scientist: intuition tells you the 'answer' first, and the rational system builds the justification for that conclusion."

In this process leaders fall into confirmation bias, and alternative viewpoints that contradict their intuition fade from view.

Management Optimizes Efficiency; Leadership Builds Community

Management is instrumental — setting measurable goals and efficient processes. Leadership transforms a collection of individuals into a group with "group solidarity," making the whole greater than the sum of its parts. It requires high emotional intelligence to grasp "what's right in the eyes of the group."

Trust Your Gut, But Don't Worship It: The Paradox of Past Experience

Past success is an efficient guide — but when a situation looks similar yet differs in subtle ways, that same experience becomes a blind spot, especially where morals and ethics are involved.

3 Rules for Wise Leadership: "Trust, But Verify"
  1. Pause and objectify your intuition — don't act immediately; take time to process where the reaction came from.
  2. Reframe the problem from an outsider's perspective — this generates new intuitions.
  3. Consult someone you trust — someone who can wake up your "lawyer" brain.
Conclusion

Was today's decision the pursuit of a scientist seeking truth, or a lawyer's defense of your own bias?

WEEK 1 · D5
Executive Communication2025.08.15
Matthew Abraham — 어떻게 쉽고 간단하게 전달할 것인가.

5 Mistakes Smart Communicators Never Make: The Art of Winning Over an Audience

Communication failures usually happen not because the speaker knows too little, but because they know too much — the Curse of Knowledge. A truly smart communicator doesn't prove what they know; they draw a map inside the listener's head.

1. Escape the Curse of Knowledge

Shift the question from "what do I want to say" to "what does the audience need to hear." Six tools: Diagram, Deconstruct, Compare, Picture, Backward map, Chunk.

2. The Magic 3-Step Structure: What? So What? Now What?

What (define the core idea) → So What ("the bottom line for you is...") → Now What (a concrete next action). Replace hedging ("I think") with confident language ("I believe" / "I know").

3. Start Like James Bond

Reading your name, title, and topic off the slide wastes precious attention. Jump straight into the action, like a 007 cold open — hook attention with a story, a live poll, or a provocative question.

4. Don't Memorize — Draw a Map

Memorizing a script word-for-word raises the risk of "blanking out." Instead, carry a flexible outline — hierarchical, question-based, or image-based — so you can always find your way back.

5. The Art of Solid Transitions

Audiences are most likely to drift during transitions between topics. Don't just say "next" — summarize what came before and build a bridge to what's next.

Conclusion

Communication is "operationalized leadership" — implementing your vision in someone else's head. Are you ready to clearly deliver "So What" to your audience today?

WEEK 2 · D6-1
Mastering Disruption / System Leader2025.08.11
Robert E. Siegel — 기업들이 급변하는 시장 환경에 적응하고 혁신하는 방법 — 전통 사업 모델에서 전기차·자율주행·공유경제·온라인 확장까지, 단기 실행·혁신·부족함을 인정할 수 있는 용기.

Why You Should Worry Most When Performance Is at Its Peak: The Age of Systems Leadership

In 2016, 130-year-old Daimler posted record results — over 3 million vehicles sold, €153.3 billion in revenue — and Dieter Zetsche used that moment to declare "the biggest transformation in the company's history." Robert Siegel calls the capability needed to navigate this Systems Leadership.

1. Combining Brains and Brawn

The future belongs to whoever controls the intersection of physical assets (Brawn) and digital intelligence (Brains). Daimler's independent "Mercedes Me" OS was a declaration of strategic independence; the Middle East's eyewa used its online data-driven logistics (Brawn) to recoup its first mall store's investment in just five months.

"Winning companies are combining both physical and digital." — Robert Siegel
2. Culture Friction Is Scarier Than Immature Technology

Daimler's CASE unit alarmed its 19,000 engine-manufacturing workers into a production-halting protest; eyewa faced investor skepticism asking "why pivot to low-margin traditional retail?"

3. Local Context Turns a Global Giant's Blind Spot into Opportunity

When China abruptly mandated EV quotas and local batteries, Daimler instantly revised its hybrid range from 30km to 50km. eyewa targeted a niche EssilorLuxottica missed: custom eyewear designed to stay comfortable under a hijab.

4. The Future Leader Is a New Species: The 'Systems Leader'

Six "unserious behaviors" Siegel warns against: crude disrespect instead of decorum, obsessing over trivial goals, deliberately ignoring disliked change, contempt for customers, self-righteousness, and lacking spine in a decisive moment.

5. Strategy Is Ultimately About Timing

"Strategy is always about time" — eyewa treated the pandemic-driven collapse of brick-and-mortar retail as an opportunity to secure rent leverage and prime locations.

Conclusion

"If you had to rehire yourself for your job today, would you?" There's no room tomorrow for a leader trapped in yesterday's success.

WEEK 2 · D6-2
Broad Perspective on Emerging Technology2025.08.11
Scott Brady — 생성형 AI 발전과 응용에 대한 고민.

Opening AI's Black Box: Mapping the Mind of Claude 3

AI's inner workings have long been a "black box." Anthropic's research team visualized the internals of Claude 3 Sonnet and successfully isolated millions of interpretable "features."

1. The AI That Thinks of the Golden Gate Bridge — Visualizing Concepts

Using a Sparse Autoencoder (SAE), the team found a "Golden Gate Bridge" feature that activates not just for the English phrase but for photos, geographic descriptions, and mentions in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, and more — a highly abstract, multimodal concept.

2. The Magic Switch That Steers AI — Feature Steering

By artificially "clamping" a feature's activation, the team changed Claude's behavior and identity. Amplifying the Golden Gate Bridge feature 10x made Claude answer "I am the Golden Gate Bridge." Boosting a public-transit feature made Claude wedge "bridges" into unrelated answers. This gives a real "handle" for correcting bias and controlling risky behavior.

3. A Dedicated Sense for Catching Bugs in Code

A dedicated feature detects code errors — array overflow, divide-by-zero, false assertions, null-pointer writes. Suppressing it makes Claude execute buggy code as if it were fine; amplifying it makes Claude hallucinate errors in clean code.

4. AI's Shadow — Safety-Critical Features

Features tied to deception, sycophancy, bioweapons knowledge, and racial/gender bias were also identified. The point isn't that these features make the model dangerous — it's that we can now identify and monitor them in real time. In one experiment, asking Claude to "forget" something it structurally can't forget triggered an "Internal Conflict" feature; forcing an "Honesty" feature made Claude confess the truth instead of lying.

5. Why Features Beat Neurons

Traditional neuron-level analysis struggled with "polysemanticity" — one neuron encoding many meanings. SAE disentangles this into far purer, more monosemantic "units of concept," with over 82% of extracted features showing low correlation to any single neuron.

Conclusion

Interpretability is becoming a "test set for safety" — verifying in advance how a model will behave after deployment. If we could fully read and control AI's "thoughts," would we trust it more, or fear it more?

WEEK 2 · D7-1
Discovering Strategy by Design2025.08.12
William Barnett — 전략 — 이기기 위한 단단한 로직. 처음부터 계획된다는 건 환상, 만들고 만들어지는 것.

Why Your Strategy Fails: The Power of Discovery Over Planning

A carefully drawn plan collapses against the friction of the real market. Treating "strategy" and "plan" as the same thing is the root cause of failure.

Strategy Is a Logic, Not a Goal

Strategy's essence is the causal logic explaining "why and how we can win." Without it, an organization drifts among competing priorities — falling into Strategy Neglect.

Great Strategy Is Discovered, Not Designed

Facebook (pivot to platform), Trader Joe's (organic-food conversion), Honda (the minibike), Intel (memory chips to microprocessors) — none of these winning formulas were in the original plan; they were discovered through execution.

"The belief that great businesses come from great plans may be an illusion. Strategy is often discovered — winning for reasons we didn't originally understand."
Failure and Surprise Are Data, Not Conclusions

Alipay (a defensive move that became fintech), NetApp (failure with small business revealed enterprise demand), Siemens (withdrawal from China revealed a localization strategy) — failure is material for building a sturdier "theory of victory."

The Pivot Trap and the False Negative

Steve Jobs concluded from Napster's failure that "nobody wants to rent music" — but that was really a bandwidth and smartphone problem, not a business-model flaw. Disruptive innovation comes with a "J-curve" dip, and what's needed there isn't a hasty pivot but persistence.

The Real Role of a Plan Is Sensemaking

Soviet nail factories, without a "logic of success," produced either useless tiny nails (quota by count) or giant useless slabs (quota by weight) — a stark lesson in how plans without logic waste an organization's energy.

Conclusion

Strategy is a living organism that evolves through execution, discovery, and learning. Is your organization ready to discover a new theory of victory in today's unexpected results?

WEEK 2 · D7-2
Leading Organizational Growth2025.08.12
William Barnett — 조직 성장의 비밀, 경쟁 우위가 모든 것을 결정한다.

Can Growth Kill Your Company? The Trap of Expansion Without Strategy

Barnett argues growth only becomes strategy "when it's grounded in a clear source of advantage." Growth without strategy is one of the fastest ways to destroy a company.

The Illusion of Scale

In Latin America's e-commerce war, DeRemate grew through aggressive M&A without any real advantage and lost momentum; MercadoLibre built its own payment system (MercadoPago) and logistics network, creating durable, advantage-driven growth.

"Growth without strategy cannot be sustained."
Facebook's Growth 'Bug' That Wasn't a Bug

In 2007, Javier Olivan's user-generated translation model, tested in France, produced overnight results so explosive the dev team first thought it was a bug. That inflection point led to launches in 40+ countries within a single month.

The Tragedy of Webvan's Too-Fast Growth

Webvan expanded nationwide infrastructure before its business model was proven — and filed for bankruptcy on the very day its first distribution center turned cash-flow positive. Its trucks are reportedly still in use in Amazon's delivery fleet today.

The Growth Formula: Cut Costs or Replicate Quality?

Cost advantage (Walmart) — spreading fixed infrastructure costs over more stores creates a virtuous cycle of falling average costs. Quality advantage (Ritz-Carlton) — trained staff and strict SOPs at every new location replicate the brand experience instead of diluting it.

The Math of Virality: Don't Forget the Plug in the Tub

Viral coefficient v = N × p (virality × susceptibility). Ignoring retention while chasing v is like running the faucet full blast with the drain wide open.

"Growth hacking may feel good in the short run, but in the long run there is no substitute for strategy."
Conclusion

Is your company chasing growth, or building the advantage that will sustain it?

WEEK 2 · D7-3
Leading with Values2025.08.12
Ken Shotts — 체계1(빠른·직관적) 사고와 체계2(느린·분석적) 사고가 의사 결정에 미치는 영향 — Meta의 정치적 발언, 기업의 사회적 책임, 밀턴 프리드먼의 이윤 극대화론, 자동차 안전을 둘러싼 이해관계자 외부 효과.

5 Shocking Truths of Values-Based Leadership That Overturn Your Business Common Sense

At the decisive moment that determines an organization's fate, data goes silent. Leadership's essence lies in understanding the psychological and ethical mechanisms behind the numbers.

1. Your 'Gut' Is the Architect of Logic, Not Its Slave

Fast System 1 renders the verdict first; slow System 2 often just acts as its "lawyer," building justification after the fact.

"Saying that we shouldn't use our gut is like saying we shouldn't breathe."
2. A Company Is Never Seen as a 'Victim': The Moral Asymmetry Trap

The public only sees companies as "moral agents," never as "moral patients." When Amazon attacked fired worker Christian Smalls personally, the public only saw a giant corporation crushing a suffering worker.

3. Anti-Vaxxer Logic Looks Eerily Like Your Own Decision-Making

Intel COO Brian Krzanich felt an instant System-1 "Purity" reaction to news of conflict minerals and wanted to cut ties immediately — but System 2, reframing it through "Harm," realized abrupt withdrawal would endanger local miners' livelihoods. Intel spent five years building a certification system instead.

4. Milton Friedman's Ghost and Meta's 2025 Rightward Turn

Meta scrapped fact-checking for "Community Notes" in 2025, and Zuckerberg called for more "masculine energy" in organizations. Turning this into real stakeholder management requires 5 Ps: Priorities, Performance, Pay, Promotions, and Power (is the social-responsibility leader actually at the main table?).

5. Ethics Has Become a Cost-Benefit Algorithm Problem

The U.S. DOT's Value of Statistical Life is roughly $9.2 million — a number engineers now weigh directly when programming who a self-driving car protects.

Conclusion

Is your next decision coming from System 2, or just following what System 1 already decided?

WEEK 2 · D8-1
Innovating Beyond Established Market Constraints2025.08.13
Steven Callander — 테슬라 — 미국 자동차 유통 시스템과 숨겨진 힘의 대결.

Car Shopping Stuck in 1898: Why Tesla Had to Fight the Law

The U.S. car-dealer model, born in 1898, hasn't fundamentally changed in 120 years. Why has this one industry stood still while everything else disrupted retail?

$200 Billion Wasted on Inefficient Inventory

U.S. new-car inventory value sits around $200 billion — about 60 days of supply. Direct sales and made-to-order could save roughly $2,225 per car (Goldman Sachs). GM Brazil's direct-sale "Chevrolet Celta" cut parts by 50% and suppliers by 60%, lowering price by 6% and selling 700,000 units over six years.

Consumers Want Direct Buying — But It's Illegal

About 50% of new-car buyers prefer buying directly from the manufacturer, and 8 in 10 want to avoid pushy dealer sales tactics — yet manufacturer direct sales are illegal in 31 states, including Texas.

How Car Dealers Became Political Powerhouses

Dealers account for 7-8% of retail employment and 15% of local sales-tax revenue, exist in every district, and are backed by NADA's powerful lobby. During GM's 2009 bankruptcy, dealers even lobbied Congress to amend bankruptcy law itself in their favor.

Tesla's Playbook: The '4 I' Framework

Issues (direct-sale rights) · Interests (winning over consumers, environmental groups, unions) · Institutions (White House petitions, FTC support) · Information (existing dealers will neglect EV sales since they also sell gas cars). Tesla offered Gigafactories and jobs as "carrots" in Texas and Arizona, while accepting limited compromises in New Jersey and New York.

Conclusion

Regulation isn't a fixed constant — it's a variable shaped by competing interests. "If your innovation collides with the rules of the world, do you fix the product, or change the world?" Tesla chose the latter.

WEEK 2 · D8-2
Manifesting Excellence Thru HRV Training2025.08.13
Baba Shiv — 신경과학적 관점에서 탁월함의 구현.

Busy Leaders Don't Survive: The Neuroscience of Peak Performance

Baba Shiv says "busy is the new stupid." Simply putting in more hours can actually undermine performance.

1. Flip the Brain's Switch — Type 1 vs. Type 2

Type 1 (serotonin/cortisol — risk-averse, stability-seeking) and Type 2 (dopamine — opportunity-seeking, exploratory) can't be active at once. Because the brain feels loss twice as strongly as gain, it defaults to Type 1. Switching to Type 2 requires stable comfort first.

2. A 'Perfect Pitch' Kills Collaboration — the IKEA Effect

A polished prototype invites people to find flaws; a rough prototype invites them to see potential and invest their own effort, creating co-ownership.

"If you build a polished prototype, others will see flaws. If you build a rough prototype, others will see potential."
3. Excellence Is a Verb, Not a State — HRV and the 'ON-Day'

Excellence means tuning your body into an 'ON' state. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is the key metric — Shiv recommends a Polar H10 strap with the EliteHRV app and a 2.5-minute morning ritual to check whether today is an ON-Day.

4. 15 Minutes That Build Peak Performance — the MBT Protocol

15 minutes of HIIT, gut-brain axis care (fermented foods), and sleep hygiene (boosting serotonin, avoiding alcohol) are the core tools.

Conclusion

"Put on your own oxygen mask before helping others." Managing performance isn't about adding more to your list — it's about removing what's blocking your best state. What will you cut tonight?

WEEK 2 · D9-1
Harnessing Collective Intelligence for Effective Decision-Making2025.08.14
Hayagreeva Rao — 조직 성장을 위한 집단 지성 활용, 그룹 의사 결정의 함정, 숨겨진 정보로 최고의 답을 찾는 법.

The Growth Trap: Why Great Companies Never Set Growth as the Goal

Unprepared growth dilutes an organization's core and can spiral into collapse. For great companies, growth is a byproduct of the right strategy, not the goal itself.

"Growth Is Not a Strategy": MercadoLibre vs. DeRemate

MercadoLibre grew organically by strengthening its strategic advantage through local payments and logistics; DeRemate scaled through aggressive M&A with no real advantage and was overtaken.

Turning a Language Barrier into a Growth Engine: Javier Olivan's Gamble

Facebook's user-driven translation model tested in France triggered such an explosive response it led to launches in 40+ countries within a month — a network-effect advantage maximized through user participation.

Two Faces of Scaling: Walmart's Virtuous Cycle vs. Ritz-Carlton's Paced Growth

Walmart's scale lowers costs in a virtuous cycle; Ritz-Carlton paces its expansion carefully, placing trained staff and strict SOPs at every new property so quality isn't diluted into a "cookie cutter" brand.

The Viral Marketing Trap: Check the Drain (Retention)

No matter how high your viral coefficient (v = N × p), growth is pointless if retention (the drain) is wide open.

Tragedies of Growing Too Fast

Webvan expanded infrastructure before validating its value model and went bankrupt the day its first center turned cash-flow positive. Mendocino Brewing lost its distinctiveness after adopting standardized mass production for its flagship Red Tail Ale.

When Team Intelligence Blocks Growth

The Common Knowledge Effect — teams focus on shared information rather than each member's unique insight. Countermeasures: withhold early straw polls, run pre-mortems, reframe decisions as problems to solve, and prepare individual pros/cons lists beforehand.

Conclusion

Is your organization chasing "growth as a number," or "a sustainable advantage no one else can replicate"?

WEEK 2 · D9-2
Leading in Chaos: The Big Picture Simulation2025.08.14
Ashley Martin — 효과적인 팀 프로세스와 대인관계 효율성 — 상급 관리자·팀 리더·고객·워킹 그룹 등 다양한 역할로 협업하며 조직 효과성을 높이는 법.

The Big Picture of Successful Collaboration: 4 Insights for Breaking Down Organizational Silos

The four-quarter "Big Picture" simulation from EPGC 2025 offers four lessons that cut to the heart of organizational dynamics and leadership.

1. Share Perspective Before Jumping to Solutions

Perspective-taking and listening must come before problem-solving. Three rules for safe dialogue: no name-calling or blaming, listen fully while others speak, and start with "I feel..." statements.

2. The 3 Stages of an Effective Team Process

Divergence — turn differences into leverage. Coordination — align everyone around a common "North Star." Convergence — integrate leadership and followership while preserving each person's role. It's not just "work, work, work" — this balance determines outcomes.

3. Followership Is Another Form of Power

Power flows both top-down and bottom-up. Leadership requires consent — meaning followership itself is an active exercise of power.

"Power doesn't just flow from the top down — it flows from the bottom up too. Leadership requires consent, so followership is itself a form of power."
4. Context Shapes Behavior

Ground rules that charged a cost for moving resources between tables visualized departmental silos. Before blaming a colleague's personality (fundamental attribution error), a real leader examines the structural context limiting their cooperation.

Conclusion

What concessions and compromises are you ready to make in your own domain, for the success of the whole organization?

GUEST
Crafting Pricing Model for Biz Growth
Maciej Kraus — 가격·변동비·물량·고정비를 각각 10%씩 변동했을 때, 가장 큰 영향은 가격 인상이다. 기본 이익률 40% 시장에서 단가를 10% 인하하면, 동일 이익을 달성하려면 33% 더 많은 물량을 팔아야 한다.

5 Shocking Truths About Pricing That Decide a Startup's Fate

Startups often treat monetization as something dirty and detrimental to innovation. But strategically, price is the clearest proof of the value your product creates in the world.

1. How You Charge Matters More Than How Much

Pricing structure should be tightly aligned with the value metric customers actually experience — and the strongest pricing model is always the simplest one.

"It's way more important how you charge than how much you charge!"
2. The Trap of a 15% Price Cut

At a 25% margin, cutting price 15% requires selling 150% more volume just to maintain the same absolute profit — 250% of your original volume. A 10% price improvement delivers a 100% profit impact, far more leverage than cutting variable costs (60%), boosting volume (40%), or cutting fixed costs (30%).

3. You're Not Selling a Product — You're Selling a Better Customer

Customers buy the benefit (who they become), not the feature (the product itself).

"Your pricing is the exchange rate on value you're creating in the world."
4. Premature Growth Is Poison

Pouring marketing spend into a product without product-market fit is pouring water into a bucket full of holes. Pricing itself is a learning tool — revealing who really wants the product, how deeply they value it, and which acquisition channel is economically viable.

5. "There's No Good Generic Advice"

Every pricing strategy depends on your company's specific context, and your first price will likely be bad — that's normal. Pricing is a skill learned by doing, not reading.

Conclusion

Pricing should be reviewed at least quarterly by a cross-functional "pricing committee" spanning product, sales, marketing, and finance. Does your price truly reflect the value you deliver to the world?

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